(COLLEGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT)

Paper 2

Paper 2

British Literature,

American Literature,

Afro-American Literature,

African Literature,

Caribbean Literature,

Canadian Literature,

Australian Literature,

Indian Literature

Syllabus Paper 2

Objective Type Paper

No Of Qs - 150

Marks - 75

Negative Marking - 1/3

• British Literature through the Ages-

  • Renaissance

  • Elizabethan

  • Jacobean

  • Neo Classical

  • Romantic

  • Victorian

  • Modern

• American and Non-British English Literature

  • American Literature from Sixteenth Century to the Present Day

  • Afro-American Literature

  • African Literature

  • New Literature (Caribbean, Canadian & Australian)

• Indian Writing in English

  • Colonial

  • Post-Colonial

  • Dalit

  • Diaspora

1. Identify the poet who wrote these iconic lines:

"To see a World in a Grain of Sand

And a Heaven in a Wild Flower

Hold infinity in the palm of your hand

And Eternity in an hour..."

(1) William Wordsworth

(2) William Blake

(3) William Cowper

(4) William Collins

Ans. (2) William Blake

These iconic lines are from William Blake's poem "Auguries of Innocence".

2. The Inchcape Rock is written by:

(1) Robert Southey

(2) Coleridge

(3) Walter Scott

(4) John Keats

Ans. (1) Robert Southey

Beginning:

No stir in the air, no stir in the sea,
The Ship was still as she could be;
Her sails from heaven received no motion,
Her keel was steady in the ocean.

Without either sign or sound of their shock,
The waves flow’d over the Inchcape Rock;
So little they rose, so little they fell,
They did not move the Inchcape Bell.

The worthy Abbot of Aberbrothok
Had placed that bell on the Inchcape Rock;
On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung,
And over the waves its warning rung.

This poem narrates a tale of Sir Ralph the Rover, a ruthless pirate, who cuts the warning bell from the Inchcape Rock. Despite the calm weather and cheerful atmosphere, Ralph's malicious act foreshadows his impending doom.

As the poem progresses, the tone shifts to one of fear and anxiety. The thick haze and rising moon create an atmosphere of uncertainty, while the sound of the breakers indicates the proximity of danger. The absence of the bell's warning sound becomes a haunting reminder of Ralph's recklessness.

The poem concludes with the ship striking the rock and the despair of Sir Ralph. The sound of the bell ringing below symbolizes the ultimate retribution for his evil deed. The poem's concise and straightforward language effectively conveys the themes of good versus evil, justice, and the consequences of actions.

Compared to Southey's other works, "Inchcape Rock" lacks the introspective and melancholic nature of his later poems. Instead, it presents a more straightforward and action-packed narrative. In terms of the time period, the poem reflects the prevailing Romantic fascination with the power of nature and the consequences of human intervention.

Robert Southey: Robert Southey (1774 – 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, and Poet Laureate from 1813 until his death. Like the other Lake Poets, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Southey began as a radical but became steadily more conservative as he gained respect for Britain and its institutions. Other romantics such as Byron accused him of siding with the establishment for money and status. He is remembered especially for the poem "After Blenheim" and the original version of "Goldilocks and the Three Bears".

"After Blenheim" is an anti-war poem written by Robert Southey in 1796. The poem is set at the site of the Battle of Blenheim (1704), with the questions of two small children about a skull one of them has found. Their grandfather, an old man, tells them of burned homes, civilian casualties, and rotting corpses, while repeatedly calling it "a famous victory".

3. The Heart of Midlothian focusses on the riots of which of the following city ?

(1) Glasgow

(2) Dundee

(3) St. Andrews

(4) Edinburgh

Ans. (4) Edinburgh

The Heart of Mid-Lothian is the seventh of Sir Walter Scott's Waverley Novels. It was originally published in four volumes on 25 July 1818, under the title of Tales of My Landlord, 2nd series, and the author was given as "Jedediah Cleishbotham, Schoolmaster and Parish-clerk of Gandercleugh". The main action, which takes place between September 1736 and May 1737, is set in motion by the Porteous Riots in Edinburgh and involves an epic journey from Edinburgh to London by a working-class girl to obtain a royal commutation of the death penalty incurred by her sister for the alleged murder of her new-born baby.

4. Who described Romanticism as "liberalism in literature" ?

1) Watts Dunton

(2) Victor Hugo

(3) Richard Hurd

(4) Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Ans. (2) Victor Hugo

5. Which of Byron's significant work begins thus :

"I want a hero : an uncommon want, when every year and month sends forth a new one ." ?

(1) Cain

(2) Beppo

(3) Don Juan

(4) Manfred

Ans. (3) Don Juan

Don Juan is an English unfinished satirical epic poem written by Lord Byron that portrays the Spanish folk legend of Don Juan, not as a womaniser as historically portrayed, but as a victim easily seduced by women. Don Juan is a poem written in ottava rima and presented in 16 cantos in which Lord Byron derived the character of Don Juan from traditional Spanish folk legends; however, the story was very much his own. Lord Byron scornfully dedicated Don Juan to his artistic rival Robert Southey.

Beginning:

I want a hero: an uncommon want,
    When every year and month sends forth a new one,
Till, after cloying the gazettes with cant,
    The age discovers he is not the true one;
Of such as these I should not care to vaunt,
    I’ll therefore take our ancient friend Don Juan—
We all have seen him, in the pantomime,
Sent to the devil somewhat ere his time.

6.Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is a narrative of a woman in conflict with her ……………………… and …………………

(1) family circumstances, natural desires

(2) natural desires, social condition

(3) family restrictions, external pressures

(4) social bondings, family loyalties

Ans. (2) natural desires, social condition

Jane Eyre (originally published as Jane Eyre: An Autobiography) is a novel by the English writer Charlotte Brontë. It was published under her pen name "Currer Bell" in 1847. Jane Eyre is divided into 38 chapters. It was originally published in three volumes in the 19th century, consisting of chapters 1 to 15, 16 to 27, and 28 to 38. The second edition was dedicated to William Makepeace Thackeray. The novel is a first-person narrative from the perspective of the title character.

5 Stages of Jane Eyre’s Life:

• Jane's childhood at Gateshead Hall

• her education at Lowood School

• her time as governess at Thornfield Hall, where she falls in love with her mysterious employer, Edward Fairfax Rochester

• her time in the Moor House

• and ultimately her reunion with, and marriage to, her beloved Rochester

7. Which character of Hardy dies whispering Job's curse ; "Let the day perish wherein I was born"?

(1) Eustacia

(2) Henchord

(3) Tess

(4) Jude

Ans. (4) Jude

The phrase "Let the day perish wherein I was born" is a quote from the biblical Book of Job, specifically Job 3:3. In Thomas Hardy's novel "Jude the Obscure,", Jude Fawley repeatedly echoes this sentiment, expressing his deep despair and suffering. This phrase encapsulates Jude's wish to have never been born, highlighting his profound misery and the perceived futility of his life. 

Jude the Obscure is Hardy's 14th and last published novel, originally printed in abridged form in Harper's New Monthly Magazine (1894-5, as Hearts Insurgent), then in the 1895 edition of his works. In the author's words, it is a story 'of a deadly war waged between flesh and spirit'. Jude Fawley, a young Wessex villager of exceptional intellectual promise, is encouraged by the schoolmaster Phillotson, and conceives the ambition of studying at Christminster (which represents Oxford).

8. "Roll On thou deep and dark blue ocean roll"

The above is an extract from Byron's :

(1)Don Juan

(2) A Vision of Judgement

(3) Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

(4) Hebrew Melodies

Ans. (3) Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

a poem in Spenserian stanzas by Byron, of which the first two cantos appeared in 1812, Canto III in 1816, and Canto IV in 1818. The poem describes the travels, experiences, and reflections of a self-styled and self-exiled pilgrim, Childe Harold, whose wanderings correspond in many ways to Byron's own. Harold, a melancholy, defiant outcast, is the first of a series of histrionic Byronic heroes: his character reappears, with little significant development, in The Corsair, Manfred, and other works. The first two cantos were published "at the urging of friends" by John Murray in 1812 and brought both the poem and its author to immediate and unexpected public attention. Byron later wrote, "I awoke one morning and found myself famous".

9. The chapter ‘Murdering the innocents' occurs in which novel by Charles Dickens?

(1) Bleak House

(2) Oliver Twist

(3) Hard Times

(4) Dombey and Son

Ans. (3) Hard Times

Hard Times: For These Times (commonly known as Hard Times) is the tenth novel by English author Charles Dickens, first published in 1854. The book surveys English society and satirises the social and economic conditions of the era. It is the shortest of Dickens' novels. Moreover, it is his only novel not to have scenes set in London. Instead the story is set in the fictitious Victorian industrial Coketown. The novel is divided in three books and 37 chapters. Book I is entitled "Sowing", Book II is entitled "Reaping", and the third is "Garnering." Superintendent Mr. Thomas Gradgrind opens the novel at his school in Coketown stating, "Now, what I want is Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts" ‘Murdering the innocents' is the second chapter of the first book. Beginning of the novel:

‘Now, what I want is, Facts.  Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts.  Facts alone are wanted in life.  Plant nothing else, and root out everything else.  You can only form the minds of reasoning animals upon Facts: nothing else will ever be of any service to them.  This is the principle on which I bring up my own children, and this is the principle on which I bring up these children.  Stick to Facts, sir!’

10. …………………. believes that he is in his main purpose and effort, the enemy and destroyer of ‘Romanticism'.

(1) Newman

(2) Carlyle

(3) Ruskin

(4) Pater

Ans. (2) Carlyle

Thomas Carlyle (1795 – 1881) was a Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher. Known as the "sage of Chelsea", his writings strongly influenced the intellectual and artistic culture of the Victorian era.

Major works by Carlyle:

• Sartor Resartus (1833–34)

• The French Revolution: A History (1837)

• On Heroes (1841)

• Past and Present (1843)

• Cromwell's Letters (1845)

• Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850),

• Frederick the Great (1858–65)

  Natural Supernaturalism is one of Thomas Carlyle's philosophical concepts. It derives from the name of a chapter in his novel Sartor Resartus (1833–34) in which it is a central tenet of Diogenes Teufelsdröckh's "Philosophy of Clothes". Natural Supernaturalism holds that "existence itself is miraculous, that life contains elements of wonder that can never be defined or eradicated by physical science."Natural Supernaturalism is based on the idea that nature (and its laws) is itself miraculous, being "of quite infinite depth, of quite infinite expansion"

  Carlyle postulated the Great Man theory, a philosophy of history which contends that history is shaped by exceptional individuals. This approach to history was first promulgated in his lectures On Heroes and given specific focus in longer studies like Cromwell and Frederick the Great.

  The Condition-of-England question was a debate in the Victorian era over the issue of the English working class during the Industrial Revolution. It was first proposed by Thomas Carlyle in his essay Chartism (1839).

11. In which novel of Thomas Hardy, there is a somber description of Egdon Heath at the beginning?

(1) Far From the Madding Crowd

(2) The Mayor of Casterbridge

(3) Jude the Obscure

(4) The Return of the Native

Ans. (4) The Return of the Native

Beginning: “A Saturday afternoon in November was approaching the time of twilight, and the vast tract of unenclosed wild known as Egdon Heath embrowned itself moment by moment. Overhead the hollow stretch of whitish cloud shutting out the sky was as a tent which had the whole heath for its floor.”

The novel takes place entirely in the environs of Egdon Heath, and, with the exception of the epilogue, Aftercourses, covers exactly a year and a day. The narrative begins on the evening of Guy Fawkes Night as Diggory Venn is slowly crossing the heath with his van, which is being drawn by ponies. In his van is a passenger. When darkness falls, the country folk light bonfires on the surrounding hills, emphasising the pagan spirit of the heath and its denizens.

12. "The old order changeth yielding place to new, and God fulfils himself in many ways, lest one good custom should corrupt the world".

Identify the poem -

1) 'Lotus Eaters'

(2) 'Ulysses'

(3) "The passing of Arthur”

(4) In memoriam'

Ans. (3) "The passing of Arthur”

The Passing of Arthur" refers to the death of King Arthur, often depicted as a pivotal moment in Arthurian legend, particularly in Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King. The story details Arthur's final battle, his mortal wounding, and his passing into Avalon. It emphasizes themes of loss, heroism, and the end of an era. This is the story told by Sir Bedivere, the last survivor of the Round Table. Bedivere asks Arthur what is to become of him now that the Round Table is destroyed and justice has vanished from the world. Arthur answers:

"The old order changeth, yielding place to new,
And God fulfils himself in many ways,
Lest one good custom should corrupt the world.
Comfort thyself: what comfort is in me?
I have lived my life, and that which I have done
May He within himself make pure! but thou,
If thou shouldst never see my face again,

13. Which group of the following poets was called the "Auden Group" because they developed a style and subject similar to that of W.H. Auden?

(1)John Masefield, Edwin Muir, Norman McCaig

(2) Robert Bridges, John Masefield, W. Davies

(3) Stephen Spender, Louise, MacNeice, CD. Lewis

(4) G.M. Hopkins, Edwin Muir, Robert Burns

Ans. (3) Stephen Spender, Louise, MacNeice, CD. Lewis

The Auden Group, also called Auden Generation and sometimes simply the Thirties poets, was a group of British and Irish writers active in the 1930s that included

• W. H. Auden,

• Louis MacNeice,

• Cecil Day-Lewis,

• Stephen Spender,

• Christopher Isherwood

"MacSpaunday" was a name invented by Roy Campbell, in his Talking Bronco (1946), to designate a composite figure made up of the four poets:

• Louis MacNeice ("Mac")

• Stephen Spender ("sp")

• W. H. Auden ("au-n")

• Cecil Day-Lewis ("day")

14. What is the title of Lewis Carroll's sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland?

(1) Through the Looking-Glass

(2) The Hunting of the Snark

(3) Punch

(4) Sylvie and Bruno

Ans. (1) Through the Looking-Glass

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (also known as Alice in Wonderland) is an 1865 English children's novel by Lewis Carroll, a mathematics don at the University of Oxford. It details the story of a girl named Alice who falls through a rabbit hole into a fantasy world of anthropomorphic creatures. It is seen as an example of the literary nonsense genre. The artist John Tenniel provided 42 wood-engraved illustrations for the book.

Carroll published a sequel in 1871 entitled Through the Looking-Glass and a shortened version for young children, The Nursery "Alice", in 1890.

15. Towards the end of The Waste Land T.S. Eliot quotes a popular rhyme. Pick the correct option:

(1) Here we go round the Mulberry Bush

(2) Ring-a-ring a Roses

(3) London Bridge is Falling down

(4) Underneath the Mango tree

Ans. (3) London Bridge is Falling down

The popular nursery rhyme mentioned at the end of The Waste Land is "London Bridge Is Falling Down." At the end of the poem, Eliot calls back to the crowd mentioned in the first section, "The Burial of the Dead." He describes the crowd flowing over London Bridge and observes that "death had undone so many."

Ending of ‘The Waste Land’: (What the Thunder Said)

I sat upon the shore

Fishing, with the arid plain behind me

Shall I at least set my lands in order?

London Bridge is falling down falling down falling down

Poi s’ascose nel foco che gli affina

Quando fiam uti chelidon—O swallow swallow

Le Prince d’Aquitaine à la tour abolie

These fragments I have shored against my ruins

Why then Ile fit you. Hieronymo’s mad againe.

Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata.

                  Shantih     shantih     shantih

16. Match List-I with List-II, and select the correct option from the options that follow:

List-I List-Il

a) Dissociation of sensibility (i) D.H. Lawrence

(b) Eros, Agape (ii) Virginia Woolf

(c) The Rainbow (iii) T.S.Eliot

(d) Stream of Consciousness (iv) W.H.Auden

Codes: (a) (b) (c) (d)

(1) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

(2) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

(3) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

(4) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)

Ans. (3) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

Ans. dissociation of sensibility, phrase used by T.S. Eliot in the essay “The Metaphysical Poets” (1921) to explain the change that occurred in English poetry after the heyday of the Metaphysical poets. According to Eliot, the dissociation of sensibility was a result of the natural development of poetry after the Metaphysical poets, who had felt “their thought as immediately as the odour of a rose”; this phenomenon—the “direct sensuous apprehension of thought,” or the fusion of thought and feeling—which Eliot called a mechanism of sensibility, was lost by later poets. Eliot gave evidence of the dissociation of sensibility in the more elevated language and cruder emotions of later poets.

Auden's theory of love distinguishes between eros and agape, contrasting passionate, self-centered love with selfless, unconditional love. He explores this dichotomy in his poetry, particularly in the context of his own life and the social and political upheavals of his time. 

Eros vs. Agape:

Eros: This refers to passionate, often sexual, love, driven by desire and self-interest. It can be possessive and lead to conflict.

Agape: This signifies selfless, unconditional love, a gift of grace that involves forgiveness and a sense of human limitation. It is a love that extends to all, recognizing the interconnectedness of humanity

The Rainbow is a novel by British author D. H. Lawrence, first published in 1915. It follows three generations of the Brangwen family living in Nottinghamshire, focusing particularly on the individual's struggle for growth and fulfilment within the confining structures of English social life. Lawrence's 1920 novel Women in Love is a sequel to The Rainbow.

Stream of consciousness is a literary technique that represents the continuous, unedited flow of a character's thoughts and sensory experiences, often mimicking the way the mind actually works. It's a form of interior monologue, but with a greater emphasis on capturing the fluid, associative nature of thought, including incomplete ideas, sensory impressions, and unusual syntax

17. Virginia Woolf’s Orlando is a fantasy based on the life, personality, ancestry and literary background of her friend.

(1) Victoria Sackville-West

(2) Emily Bronte

(3) George Eliot

(4) Christina Rossetti

Ans. (1) Victoria Sackville-West

Although both were married to men, the two women penned hundreds of poetic letters to each other, and their relationship would inspire one of Woolf’s most celebrated works, the 1928 novel Orlando. The relationship was clearly a source of inspiration for both women, but it was Woolf’s 1928 novel Orlando that would cement her status as an established writer and her legacy as a master of modernism. Spanning over 300 years, the novel features a protagonist who switches gender in a fantastical exploration of the self and the other. It is based on Vita.” The work was so personal that Woolf wrote to Sackville-West asking for her permission. Vita replied, “My God Virginia, if ever I was thrilled and terrified it is at the prospect of being projected into the shape of Orlando.”

18. Which one of these poems by Ted Hughes is about writing a poem /creativity ?

(1) "Hawk Roosting"

(2) "Fern"

(3) "The Jaguar"

(4) "The Thought Fox"

Ans. (4) "The Thought Fox"

"The Thought Fox" was first published in the British poet Ted Hughes's debut collection, The Hawk in the Rain, in 1957. One of Hughes's most popular poems, "The Thought Fox" is about creativity, inspiration, and the process of writing poetry. Beginning:

I imagine this midnight moment's forest:
Something else is alive
Beside the clock's loneliness
And this blank page where my fingers move.

Ending: Till, with a sudden sharp hot stink of fox
It enters the dark hole of the head.
The window is starless still; the clock ticks,
The page is printed.

"Hawk Roosting" is taken from Hughes's second collection, Lupercal, a hawk is given the power of speech and thought, allowing the reader to imagine what it's like to inhabit the instincts, attitudes, and behaviors of such a creature.

19. The Comedy of Survival : Studies in Literary Ecology written by Joseph Meeker is-

(1) a founding work on neo- Romanticism

(2) a founding work on eco- criticism

(3) a book which criticizes feminism in literature

(4) a work on eco-feminism

Ans. (2) a founding work on eco- criticism (1972)

Ecocriticism is the study of literature and ecology from an interdisciplinary point of view, where literature scholars analyze texts that illustrate environmental concerns and examine the various ways literature treats the subject of nature. It was first originated by Joseph Meeker as an idea called "literary ecology" in his The Comedy of Survival: Studies in Literary Ecology (1972). The book argues that environmental crisis is caused primarily by a cultural tradition in the West of separation of culture from nature, and elevation of the former to moral predominance.

20. "Happiness is but an occasional episode in a general drama of pain." These are the last lines in Thomas Hardy's novel:

(1)The Return of the Native

(2) The Mayor of Casterbridge

(3) Tess of the D'Urbervilles

(4) Jude The Obscure

Ans. (2) The Mayor of Casterbridge

The opening line of Thomas Hardy's "The Mayor of Casterbridge" is: "One evening of late summer, before the nineteenth century had reached one-third of its span, a young man and woman, the latter carrying a child, were approaching the large village of Weydon-Priors, on foot." 

The opening line of Thomas Hardy's The Return of the Native is: "A Saturday afternoon in November was approaching the time of twilight, and the vast tract of open country known as Egdon Heath in precisely the direction of that part of it called Rainbarrow, presented a varied and impressive scene." The final line of the novel is: "Here, then, had passed away the last shadow of the Return." 

The opening lines of "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" are: "On an evening in the latter part of May a middle-aged man was walking homeward from Shaston to the village of Marlott, in the adjoining Vale of Blakemore, or Blackmoor." The concluding lines are “Justice” was done, and the President of the Immortals, in Æschylean phrase, had ended his sport with Tess. And the d’Urberville knights and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing. The two speechless gazers bent themselves down to the earth, as if in prayer, and remained thus a long time, absolutely motionless: the flag continued to wave silently. As soon as they had strength, they arose, joined hands again, and went on.

The opening lines of Jude the Obscure are “The schoolmaster was leaving the village, and everybody seemed sorry. The miller at Cresscombe lent him the small white tilted cart and horse to carry his goods to the city of his destination, about twenty miles off, such a vehicle proving of quite sufficient size for the departing teacher’s effects. For the schoolhouse had been partly furnished by the managers, and the only cumbersome article possessed by the master, in addition to the packing-case of books, was a cottage piano that he had bought at an auction during the year in which he thought of learning instrumental music. But the enthusiasm having waned he had never acquired any skill in playing, and the purchased article had been a perpetual trouble to him ever since in moving house.” The concluding lines are “She may swear that on her knees to the holy cross upon her necklace till she’s hoarse, but it won’t be true!” said Arabella. “She’s never found peace since she left his arms, and never will again till she’s as he is now!”

21. Choose the option which is closest in meaning to the adjective, ‘Kafkaesque'.

(1) Invoking humour

(2) Characteristic of oppressive or nightmarish qualities

(3) Symbolizing sensibility, logic and reason

(4) Characteristic of peace and calm

Ans. (2) Characteristic of oppressive or nightmarish qualities

"Kafkaesque" describes situations that are unnecessarily complicated, illogical, and often nightmarishly so, particularly when dealing with bureaucracy. It's a term derived from the works of author Franz Kafka, known for his stories exploring themes of isolation, alienation, and the overwhelming power of bureaucratic systems. 

22. Which of the following is a drama of social ostracism based on the life of a famous Negro Jazz singer written by Edward Albee ?

(1) The American Dream

(2) Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf

(3) The Zoo Story

(4) The Death of Bessie Smith

Ans. (4) The Death of Bessie Smith

The Death of Bessie Smith is a one-act play by American playwright Edward Albee, written in 1959 and premiered in West Berlin the following year. The play consists of a series of conversations between Bernie and his friend Jack, Jack and an off-stage Bessie, and black and white staff of a whites-only hospital in Memphis, Tennessee on the death date of the famous blues singer, Bessie Smith, who died in a car wreck.

The American Dream is also a play by Edward Albee , a satire on American family life, concerns a married couple and their elderly mother. On a particular day, they are visited by two guests who turn their worlds upside down. Major characters are Mommy, Daddy, Grandma and Mrs Barker.

Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? is a play by Edward Albee first staged in October 1962. It examines the complexities of the marriage of middle-aged couple Martha and George. Late one evening, after a university faculty party, they receive unwitting younger couple Nick and Honey as guests, and draw them into their bitter and frustrated relationship.The three-act play normally takes just under three hours to perform, with two 10 minute intermissions. The title is a pun on the song "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?" from Walt Disney's Three Little Pigs (1933), substituting the name of the celebrated English author Virginia Woolf. Martha and George repeatedly sing this version of the song throughout the play.

23. (a) "Brahma" by Emerson owes its origin to the Brahmapurana and the Shivpurana.

(b) H.D. Thoreau was a transcendalist.

(c) Ichabod Crane is a creation of Irving.

Now choose the correct option :

(1) (a) is false; (b) & (c) are true.

(2) (b) is true, (a) & (c) are false.

(3) (a), b) & (c) are true.

(4) (a), (b) & (c) are false.

Ans. (1) (a) is false; (b) & (c) are true.

24. 'Naturalism' as a literary movement became a part of the American scene with the works of-

(1) Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Jack London

(2) Ralph Emerson, Emily Dickinson

(3) Euegene O'Neill

(4) John Steinbeck

Ans. (1) Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Jack London

25. Joseph Conrad's trip to India gave him material for which of his novels

(1) Lord Jim

(2)Nostromo

(3) The Nigger of the "Narcissus"

(4) Heart of Darkness

Ans. (3) The Nigger of the "Narcissus"